Yesterday is History.
Tomorrow is a Mystery.
Today is a Gift.
That's Why It's called The Present.

1.
select 'purge table '||original_name||'  ;' from recyclebin;

2.
drop table 테이블명 cascade constraints purge;

1. 간접적인 관계(Indirect Relationship)
  사실 물리적으로는 팩트니 어트리뷰트등 모든 오브젝트는 테이블의 컬럼으로부터 출발을 합니다. 테이블의 특정컬럼은 팩트가 될 수 도 있고 어트리뷰트가 될 수도 있습니다. 팩트를 볼 수 있는 어트리뷰트는 1차적으로 팩트가 들어있는 테이블의 어트리뷰트라고 했는데 한테이블에 들어있는 어트리뷰트들은 사실 그 존재만으로도 서로간의 관계를 가집니다. 매출테이블에 있는 일자와 영업소와 판매액이라는 컬럼들은 데이타(row)가 존재하는 순간 판매액에 대한 속성이 되는 것이죠. 이들 일자, 영업소 등의 어트리뷰트는 매출이라는 테이블내에서 관계를 가진다고 볼 수 있습니다.
 
2. 직접적인 관계(Direct Relationship)
  팩트를 볼 수 있는 어트리뷰트는 동일한 테이블에 있는 어트리뷰트와 그 어트리뷰트를 하위로 두고 있는 상위어트리뷰트라고 했는데 이때 하위어트리뷰트와 상위어트리뷰트를 직접적인 관계에 있다고 합니다. 즉, 팩트테이블이라는 동일한 테이블내에 있지않지만 어떤 디멘젼 테이블을 매개로하여 서로 상하위 관계를 가지는 어트리뷰트를 말합니다.
 

3. 상하위 관계(Child-Parent Relationship)의 의미

  예) 일자테이블
  =============================
  일자      월       년계
  -----------------------------
  20060401  200604   2006
 20060402  200604   2006
  20060403  200604   2006
  .
  .
  .
  20060501  200604   2006
 20060502  200604   2006
  =============================
  예로 위의 일자테이블의 경우  일자의 상위어트리뷰트로 월이라는 어트리뷰트를 둡니다. 관계테이블은 일자테이블을 선택합니다 ( 아래그림 )

이것은 곧 월이라는 어트리뷰트는 일자라는 항목만 알면 일자테이블에서 월을 알 수 있다는 얘기죠 . 즉 어떤 팩트가 일자별로 볼 수 있다면(집계되어있다면) 일자테이블을 걸어서 월별로도 볼 수 있다는 말이죠..그래서 관계테이블이 여러개 표시되는 경우는 있는데 어떤 관계테이블을 선택하느냐가 대단히 중요합니다.(멀티팩트조인과도 밀접)
 
  그렇다면 월이라는 어트리뷰트의 상위로 년을 주고 관계테이블을 일자테이블을 준다면 월이라는 어트리뷰트를 알때 년을 일자테이블에서 찾을 수 있다(?)가 성립되지 않기때문에 잘못된 정의입니다(다대다관계가 발생).  이때는 월이 중복없이(Unique) 들어있는 월테이블이 필요합니다.
 
  상위어트리뷰트의 관점에서 본다면 월이라는 어트리뷰트는 일만 알면은 일자테이블을 뒤져서 월을 알 수 있다는 것이 됩니다. (아래그림 참조)

The Apply Functions: <---- Apply 함수에 대한 간략한 설명

Each type of custom sub-expression/function call is represented by a specialized Apply function. There are several predefined Apply functions that can be used where regular predefined functions of the same type are used.

• ApplySimple where simple (e.g. arithmetic operators) are used.
• ApplyAgg where aggregate functions (Sum, Max, etc.) are used.
• ApplyRelative where OLAP (ranking, etc.) functions are used.
• ApplyComparison where comparison operators (>=, <, Like, etc.) are used.
• ApplyLogic where logical operators (And, Or, etc.) are used.

이중에서 MSTR 개발을 해 보신 분이라면 ApplySimple 함수를 사용해 보신적이 있을것입니다.

주로 어트리뷰트를 case 함수 같은 것을 사용한 사용자 SQL로 정의할때 많이 사용하는 함수입니다.

하지만 ApplyAgg 함수는 자주 사용하지는 않지만 유용한 기능이 있습니다.

먼저 간단하게 상수값 으로 사용이 가능합니다.

어떤 어트리뷰트에도 상관없이 상수값을 보고서에서 표시해 주고자 할때 사용이 가능합니다.

새로 만들기>메트릭을 선택한 다음....

ApplyAgg("#0", 1) {~}

수식으로 만들면 됩니다.

간단하지만 다양하게 응용해서 사용가능하겠죠...

좀 더 응용을 해서 실제로 유용하게 사용이 가능한 시나리오를 소개하겠습니다.

예를 들어...

동일한 메트릭으로 특정 팩트테이블에서는 SUM 을 수행하고 다른 팩트 테이블에서는 Count 나 Max 를 수행하게 하는 것입니다.

비즈니스 시나리오를 얘기하자면...

"계좌Master" 테이블과 "일별고객수" 팩트테이블이 있다고 가정할때...

일별고객수에서는 "sum(고객수)" 를 수행하여 "일별/고객수"를 조회하는 보고서에서

"계좌종류" 어트리뷰트로 드릴을 수행하여 "일별/계좌종류/고객수"를 조회하고자 한다면...

계좌 Master 에서는 "count(distinct 고객ID)"를 수행해야 합니다.

이런 비즈니스 시나리오가 있을때 간단하게 처리할수 있는 함수로 ApplyAgg 함수입니다.

일단 "고객수" 팩트를 먼저 만들때

일별고객수 팩트테이블에는 ApplySimple("SUM(#0)", 고객수) 이용해서 만들고

(여기서 고객수는 일별고객수 테이블의 컬럼명)

계좌Master 테이블에서는 ApplySimple("COUNT(DISTINCT #0)", 고객ID) 를 이용하여 서로 다른 형태로 만듭니다.

(여기서 고객ID 는 계좌테이블의 컬럼명)

그리고 메트릭을 만들때...

ApplyAgg("#0", 고객수)

형식으로 고객수 팩트를 이용해서 만들어서 사용하면 됩니다.

(여기서 고객수는 팩트명)

아래의 예제는 MSTR Support 에서 퍼온 "Tutorial" 예제입니다.

========================================================================================================

What is an adaptive metric in MicroStrategy?

Create a Fact using two expressions with ApplySimple() definitions as follows:

Fact_Qty Sold: ApplySimple("Count #0", QTY_SOLD)

against the ORDER_DETAIL table:

Fact_Qty Sold: ApplySimple("Sum #0", QTY_SOLD)

SQL	Report Definition
select a11.ORDER_ID ORDER_ID, a11.SHIP_DATE SHIP_DATE, Sum a11.QTY_SOLD WJXBFS1 from ORDER_FACT a11 group by a11.ORDER_ID, a11.SHIP_DATE
select a11.ORDER_ID ORDER_ID, a11.PROMOTION_ID PROMOTION_ID, a12.PROMO_SALE PROMO_SALE, Count a11.QTY_SOLD WJXBFS1 from ORDER_DETAIL a11, LU_PROMOTION a12 where a11.PROMOTION_ID = a12.PROMO_SALE_ID group by a11.ORDER_ID, a11.PROMOTION_ID, a12.PROMO_SALE

A
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AA : Application Association
AAL : ATM Adaptation Layer
ABM : Asynchronous Balanced Mode
ABR : Area Border Router
ABR : Available Bit Rate
ABT : ATM Block Transfer
AC : Alternating Current
AC : Application Context
ACCPR : Adjacent Channel Coupled Power Ratio
ACD : Automatic Call Distribution
ACF : Access Control Field
ACF : Advanced Communications Facility
ACIPR : Adjacent Channel Interface Power Ratio
ACK : ACKnowledgement
ACL : Advanced CMOS Logic
ACM : Address Complete Message
ACR : Allowed Cell Rate
AD : Analog-to-Digital
ADM : Add/Drop Multiplexers
ADPCM : Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop
AE : Application Entity
AES : Advanced Encryption Standard
AF : Assured Forwarding
AF : Audio Frequency
AFC : Automatic Frequency Control
AFNOR : Association Francaise de normalisation
AFR : Active Feedback Resonator
AGC : Automatic Gain Control
AI : Artificial Intelligence
AIM : ATM Inverse Multiplexer
AIN : Advanced Intelligent Network
AIR : Additive Increase Rate
AIS : Alarm Indication Signal
AIS-E : Alarm Indication Signal-External
ALC : Automatic Level Control
ALU : Arithmetic Logic Unit
ALS : Application Layer Structure
AM : Amplitude Modulation
AMA : Automatic Message Accounting
AMI : Alternate Mark Inversion
AMPS : Advanced Mobile Phone Service
AMR : Automatic Meter Reading
ANI : Automatic Number Identification
ANM : Answer Message
ANS : American National Standard
ANS : Advanced Networks and Services
ANSI : American National Standards Institute
AO/DI : Always On/Dynamic ISDN
AOW : Asia-Oceania Workshop
AP : Application Process
APAN : Asia Pacific Advanced Network
APB : Available Path Bandwidth
API : Application Programming Interface
APON : ATM Passive Optical Network
APPL : Analog PLL
APPN : Advanced Peer to Peer Network
ARC : Administrative Radio Conference
ARE : All Routes Explorer
ARIS : Aggregate Route-based IP Swithcing
ARM : Application Resource Manager
ARP : Address Resolution Protocol
ARPA : Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARQ : Automatic Repeat reQuest
ARS : Audio Respone System
APE : Application Protocol Entity
AS : Autonomous System
ASAP : Application Service Access Point
ASBR : Autonomous System Boundary Router
ASC : AIN Switch Capabilities
ASCII : American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASE : Application Service Element
ASIC : Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASK : Amplitude Shift Keying
ASN : Abstract Service Notation
ASN.1 : Abstract Syntax Notation.1
ASON : Automatically Switched Optical Channel Networks
ASP : Abstract Service Primitive
ASP : Application Service Provider
ASRM : Abstract System Reference MOdel
ASSP : Application Specific Standard Product
ASTN : Automatically Switched Transport Network
ATD : Asynchronous Time Division
ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATMARP : ATM Address Resolution Protocol
ATS : Abstract Test Suite
ATSC : Advanced Television Systems Committee
AU : Access Unit
AUI : Attachment Unit Interface
AUP : Acceptable Use Policy
AUU : ATM User-to-User
AV : Audio Visual
AVC : Automatic Volume Control
AWC : Automatic Answer Circuit
AWGN : Additive White Gaussian Noise
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B2B : Business to Business
BA : Branch Amplifier
BAAP : Buenos Aires Action Plan
BASIC : Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BBC : broadband Bearer Capability
BBS : Bulletin Board Service
BBS : Bulletin Board System
BC : Bearer Capability
BCBDS : Broadband Connectionless Data Bearer Service
BCD : Binary Coded Decimal
BCDMA : Broad Band CDMA
B-Channel : Bearer Channel
BCOB : Broadband Class of Bearer
BCS : British Computer Society
BCP : Business Continuity Planning
BCU : Broadcast Control Unit
BECN : Backward Explicit Congestion Notification
BER : Bit Error Rate
BETRS : Basic Exchange Telecommunication Radio Service
BEV : Billion Electron Volts
BGP : Border Gateway Protocol
BGT : Broadcast and Group Translators
B-ICI : Broadband Inter Carrier Interface
B-ICI SAAL : B-ICI Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer
BIND : Berkeley Internet Name Domain
BIOS : Basic Input Output System
BIP : Bit Interleaved Parity
B-ISDN : Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
BISSI : Broadband Inter Switching System Interface
B-ISUP : Broadband ISDN User's Part
BISYNC : BInary SYNchronous Communication
B-LLI : Broadband Low layer Information
BMA : Broadcast Multiple Access
BN : Bridge Number
BNC : Baby N Connector
B-NT : Broadband Network Termination
BOF : Birds of Feather
BOM : Beginning of Message
BOOTP : Bootstrap Protocol
BPDU : Bridge Protocol Data Unit
BPF : Bandpass Filter
BPI : Bits Per Inch
BPML : Business Process Modeling Language
BPP : Bridge port Pair
BPS : Bits per Second
BPSK : Binary Phase Shift Keying
BPSS : Business Process Specification Scheme
BRA : Basic Rate Access
BRI : Basic Rate Interface
BSC : Binary Synchronous Communication
BSD UNIX : Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX
BSP : Business Service Provider
BSVC : broadcast switched Virtual Connections
BT : British Telecom
BTAG : Begin Tag
B-TE : broadband Terminal equipment
BTS : Base Transceiver Station
BUS : Broadcast and Unknown Server
BW : Bandwidth
BWS : Broadcasting WebSite
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C/N : Carrier to Noise Ratio
CA : Cell Arrival
CAC : Call Admission Control
CAC : Connection Admission Control
CAD/CAM : Computer Assisted Design/ Manufacturing
CADN : Cellular Acccess Digital Network
CAE : Computer Aided Engineering
CAI : Computer Aided Instruction
CAI : Common Air Interference
CALS : Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support
CAM : Computer Aided Manufacturing
CANARIE : Canadian Network for Advancement of Research, Industry and education
CAP : Carrierless Amplitude Phase
CAS : Channel Associated Signaling
CASE : Common Application Software Element
CASE : Computer Aided Systems Engineering
CAT : Computer Aided Translation
CATV : Community Antenna TeleVision (alias Cable Television)
CAV : Constant Angular Velocity
CBD : Component Based Development
CBDS : Connectionless Broadband Data Services
CBQ : Class Based Queuing
CBR : Constant Bit Rate
CBT : Computer Based Training
CBT : Core Based Tree
CC : Continuity Cell
CC : Condition Code
CC : Connection Confirm
CCB : Configuration Control Board
CCD : Charge Coupled Device
CCI : Common Client Interface
CCIRN : Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networking
CCITT : International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
CCP : Channel Change Protocol
CCR : Current Cell Rate
CCR : Configuration Change Request
CC-RA : Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement
CCS :Ccommon Channel Signaling
CCSS7 : Common Channel Signaling System 7
CCTV : Closed Circuit TeleVision
CD : Compact Disc
CD-A : Compact Disc Audio
CDDI : Copper Distributed Data Interface
CD-I : Compact Disc Interactive
CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access
CDPD : Cellular Digital Packet Data
CD-R : Compact Disc-Recordable
CD-ROM : Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory
CDS : Cell Directory Service
CDSL : Consumer Digital Subscriber Line
CDT : Cell Delay Tolerance
CDV : Cell Delay Variation
CDVT : Cell Delay Variation Tolerance
CEI : Connection Endpoint Identifier
CEN : Comite Europeene de Normalisation
CENELEC : European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
CEO : Chief Executive Officer
CER : Cell Error Ratio
CER : Circuit Emulation Service
CES : Circuit Emulation Service
CEF : Call for Proposals
CG : Computer Graphics
CGA : Color Graphics Adapter
CGI : Computer Graphics Interface
CGI : Common Gateway Interface
CGM : Computer Graphics Metafile
CHAP : Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CI : Congestion Indicator
CIB : CRC Indication Bit
CIBER : Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Record
CIC : Carrier Identification Code
CIDR : Classless Inter Domain Routing
CIE : NHRP Client Information Element
CIP : Carrier Idenfication Parameter
CLP : Classical IP over ATM
CIR : Committed Information Rate
CISC : Complex Instruction-Set Computer
CL : Connectionless
CL : Current Loop
CLAD : Cell Assembly And Disassembly
CLNAP : Connectionless Network Access Ptotocol
CLNP : Connectionless Network Protocol
CLNP : Connectionless Network Protocol
CLNS : Connectionless Network Service
CLP : Cell Loss Priority
CLR : Cell Loss Ratio
CLS : Connectionless Server
CLSF : Connectionless Service Function
CLTP : ConnectionLess Transport Protocol
CLV : Constant Linear Velocity
CMC : Cellular Mobile Carrier
CME : Component Management Entity
CMI : Coded Mark Inversion
CMIP : Common Management Information Protocol
CMIS : Common Management Information Service
CMISE : Common Management Information Service Element
CMM : Capability Maturity Model
CMOS RAM : Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory
CMOT : Common Management information protocol Over TCP/IP
CMR : Cell Misinsertion Rate
CN : Copy Network
CNM : Customer Network Management
CNS : Car Navigation System
CO : Central Office
CO : Connection Oriented
COD : Connection Oriented Data
CODEC : Coder/Decoder
COM : Continuation of Message
COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language
COBRA : Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CoS : Class of Service or Classes of Services
COS : Corperation for Open Systems International
COSINE : Cooperation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe
CP : Connection Processor
CP : Control Plane
CPCS : Common Part Convergence Sublayer
CPE : Customer Premises Equipment
CPFSK : Continuous Phase frequency Shift Keying
CPI : Common Part Indicator
CPN : Calling Party Number
CPN : Customer Premises Network
CPS : Content Provider System
CPU : Central Processing Unit
CQM : Channel Quality Measurement
Crankback IE : Crankback-Information Element
CRC : Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRC : Cyclic Redundancy Code
CRCG : Common Routing Connection Group
CR-LDP : Constraint-based Routing LDP
CRM : Customer Relationship Management
CRT : Cathode Ray Tube
CS : Convergence Sublayer
CS : Carrier Selection
CS1 : Capability Set One
CS2 : Capability Set Two
CSA : Carrier Serving Area
CSI : Convergence Sublayer Indication
CSMA/CD : Carrier Sence Multiple Access with Collision Detection
CSP : Computer Service Provider
CSPDN : Circuit Switched Public Data Network
CSPF : Constraint-based Shortest Path First
CSR : Cell Missequenced Ratio
CSR : Cell Switch Router
CSU : Channel Service Unit
CT : Cordless Telephone
CT2 : Cordless Telephone 2
CTD : Cell Transfer Delay
CTI : Computer Telephony Integration
CTIA : Cellular Telecommunication Industry Association
CTP : Connection Termination Point
CTR : Common Technical Regulations
CTS : Conformance Testing Service
CTV : Cell Tolerance Variation
CUG : Closed Users Group
CUI : character User Interface
CVSM : Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation
CV : Constant Voltage
CW : Continuous Wave
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DA : Destination MAC address
DA : Destination Address
D/A : Digital to Analog
DAB : Digital Audio Broadcasting
DAC : Digital-Analog Converter
DAMPS : Digital AMPS
DAL : Data Access Line
DANTE : Delivery of Advanced Netwrok Technology to Europe
DAP : Directory Access Protocol
DARC : Data Radio Channel
DARPA : Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAS : Direct Attached Storage
DAT : Digital Audio Tape
DAVIC : Digital Audio Visual Council
dB : Decibel
dBc : Decibel below carrier
DBMS : Data Base Management System
dBm : Decibel(relative to 1mW)
DBM : Direct Balanced Mixer
DBR : Deterministic Bit Rate
DBR : Data Burst Randmizer
DBR : Deterministic Bit Rate
DBS : Direct Broadcast Satellites
DBR : Deterministic Bit Rate
dBW : Decibel(relative to 1 Watt)
DC : Device Control
DC : Direct Current
DCC : Data Country Code
DCC : Digital Color Code
DCE : Data Communication Equipment
D-Channel : Data Channel
DCS : Digital Cellular System
DCT : Discrete Cosine Tranform
DD : Depacketization Delay
DDCMP : Digital Data Communication Message Protocol
DDD : Direct Distance Dialing
DDN : Defence Data Network
DDS : Dataphone Digital Services
DE : Discard Eligible
DECT : Digital Enhanced Cordless Technologies
DECT : Digital European Cordless Telephone
DES : Data Encryption Standard
DES : Destination End System
DFS : Distributed File Service
DFT : Discrete Fourier Transform
DHCP : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIC : Digital Interface Card
DIMM : Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN : Deutsches Institute for Normung
DOI : Digital Object Identifier
DIP : Dual Inline Package
DIS : Draft International Standard
DiffServ : Differentiated Service
DLC : Data Link Control
DLC : Digital Loop Carrier
DLCI : Data Link Connection Identifier
DLL : Data Link Layer
DLSw : Data Link Switching
DMA : Direct Memory Address
DMDD : Distributed Multiplexing Distributed Demultipexing
DMM : Digital Multi Meter
DMT : Discrete Multi-Tone
DN : Distribution Network
DNS : Domain Name System
DOI : Digital Object Identifier
DOCSIS : Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
DOS : Disk Operating System
DP : Dial Pulse
DP : Data Processing
DPLL : Digital PLL
DPSK : Differential Phase Shift Keying
DQDB : Dual Queue Dual Bus (IEEE 80.6 Metropolitan Area Network protocol)
DQPSK : Differentially encoded Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
DR : Digit receiver
DR : Dynamic Range
DRAM : Dynamic Random Access Memory
DREN : Defence Research and Engineering Network
DRM : Digital Rights Management
DS : Differentiated Service
DS0 : Digital Signal Level 0
DS1 : Digital Siganal Level 1
DS3 : Digital Signal Level 3
DS : Direct Sequence
DSA : Differentiated Service Architecture
DSBM : Designated Subnet Bandwidth Manager
DSE: Distributed Single Layer Embedded Test Method
DSID : Destination Signaling Identifier
DSL : Digital Subscriber Line
DSL : Digital Subscriber Loop
DSLAM : Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSMA/CD : Digital Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect
DSM-CC : Digital Storage Media-Control Commands
DSO : Document Services Office
DSP : Digital Signal Processing
DSR : Distributed Speech Recognition
DSRM : DAVIC System Reference Model
DSU : Digital Service Unit
DSVD : Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data
DTD : Document Type Definition
DTE : Data Terminal Equipment
DTMF : Dual Tone Multi Frequency
DTP : Distributed Transaction Processing
DTR : Data Terminal Ready
DTS : Distributed Time Service
DTTB : Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
DVB : Digital Video Broadcast
DVD : Digital Video Disk
DVI : Digital Video Interactive
DVMRP : Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
DWDM : Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
DWMT : Discrete Wavelet Multi-Tone
DXI : Data Exchange Interface
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

E
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EACK : Extended ACKnowledgement
EAI : Enterprise Application Integration
EBCDIC : Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EBON : European Backbone Network
EC : European Community
ECC : Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem
ECC : Error Correcting Code
ECL : Emitter Coupled Logic
ECM : Entitlement Control Message
ECMA : European Computer Manufactures Association
ECSA : Exchange Carriers Standards Association
EDB : Enhanced Digital Broadcast
EDI : Electronic Data Interchange(전자문서 교환)
EDMS : Electronic Document Management System
EFCI : Explicit Forward Congestion Indicator
EDMS : Electronic Document Management System(전자문서 관리 시스템)
EGA : Enhanced Graphics Adapter
EGP : Exterior Gateway Protocol
EIA : Electronics Industry Association
EII : European Information Infrastructure
ELAN : Emulated LAN
ELF : Extremly Low Frequency
E-MAIL : Electronic Mail
EMC : Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMF : Electromagnetic Field
EMI : Electromagnetic Interference
EMR : Electromagnetic Radiation
EMS : Expanded Memory Specification
ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrater and Computer
EO : End Office
EOM : End of Message
EOT : End Of Transmission
EPD : Early Packet Discard
EPROM : Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EROD : Erasable Rewritable Optical Disc
ERP : Enterprise Resource Planning
ESM : Enterprise Security Management
E-TACS : Extended Total Access Communication System
E-TDMA : Enhanced TDMA(with DSI-Digital Speech Interpolation)
ETAG : End Tag
ETE : End-to-End
ETRI : Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
ETSI : European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EV : Electron Volt
EWOS : European Workshop for Open System
EXM : Exit Message
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

F
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FA : Forwarding Adjacency
FAQ : Frequently Asked Questions
FC : feedback Control
FCC : Federal Communications Commission
FCFS : First-Come First-Service
FCS : Fast Circuit Switching
FCS : Frame Ckeck Sequence
FDC : Floppy Disk Controller
FDD : Floppy Disk Drive
FDD : Frequency Division Duplex
FDDI : Fiber Distribution Data Interface
FDM : Frequency Division Multiplexing
FDMA : Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEBE : Far End Block Error
FEC : Forward Error Correction
FECN : Forward Explicit Congestion Notification
FEP : Front-End Processor
FER : frame Error Rate
FERF : Far End Receive Failure
FF : Flip Flop
FFOL : FDDI Follow-On LAN
FFT : Fast Fourier Transform
FH : Fiber Hub
FIFO : First In First Out
FILO : First In Last Out
FIN : FINish flag
FIPA : Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agent
FM : Frequency Modulation
FOCC : Forward Analog Control Channel
FOD : Fax On Demand
FORTRAN : FORmula TRANslation
FP : Floating Point
FPLMTS : Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System
FPU : Floating Point Unit
FR : Frame Relay
FRS : Frame Relay Service
FSK : Frequency Shift Keying
FTP : File Transfer Protocol
FTR : Full Text Retrieval
FTTB : Fiber To The Building
FTTC : Fiber To The Curb
FTTH : Fiber To The Home
FUNI : Frame User Network Interface
FTTO : Fiber To The Office
FVC : Forward Analog Voice Channel
FYI : For Your Information
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

G
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GaAs : Gallium Arsenide
GAP : Generic Address Parameter
GATT : General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GBBC : GSM Baseband Codec
GCID : Global Call Identifier
GCID-IE : Global Call Identifier-Information Element
GCRA : Generic Cell Rate Algorithm
GDMO : Guidelines for Definition of Managed Objects
GDS : Global Directory Service
GFC : Generic Flow Control
GFLOPS : Billions of FLOating Point operations per Second
GFSK : gaussian frequency Shif Keying
GGP : Gateway to Gateway Protocol
GHz : Giga Hertz
GIF : Graphics Interchange Format
GII : Global Information Infrastructure
GIPS : Giga Instruction Per Second
GIS : Geographic Information System
GKS : Graphical Kernel System
GMPCS : Global Mobile Personal Communications System
GMPLS : Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
GMSK : Gaussian-filtered Minimum Shift Keying
GND : GrouND
GOLD : GSM One-Chip Logic Device
GOSIP : Government Open Ssystems Interconnection Profile
GPIP : General Purpose Interface Bus
GPS : Global Positoning System
GRC : Generic Reference Configuration
GSM : Global System for Mobile Communications
GUI : Graphical User Interface
GW : Giga Watt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

H
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HAL : Hardwired Array Logic
HAN : Highly Advanced National project
HAN : Home ATM Network
HBT : Heterojucion Bipolar Transistor
HC : High speed Cmos
HCC : Host Call Control
HCI : Human Computer Interaction
HCPI : Higher Layer Protocol Identifier
HCT : High speed Cmos Ttl thresholds
HD : High density
HDB3 : High Density Bipolar 3
HDD : Hard Disk Drive
HDML : Handheld Device Markup Language
HDLC : High-level Data Link Control
HDSL : High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line
HDTP : Handheld Device Transport Protocol
HDTV : High Definition TeleVision
HDX : Half Duplex
HE : HeadEnd
HEC : Header Error Check
HEC : Header Error Control
HEL : Header Extension Length
HF : High Frequency
HFC : Hybrid Fiber Coaxial
HFR : Hybrid Fiber Radio
HFS : Hierachical File System
HGML : Hyper Graphics Markup Language
HIC : Hybrid Integrated Circuit
HIPPI : High Performance Parallel Interface
HLPI : Higher Layer Protocol Identifier
HLR : Home Location Register
HMSC : Human Machine Service Consumer
HOL : Head of Line
HPF : High Pass Filter
HPC : Hand Held PC
HSM : Hierarchical Storage Management
HSSI : High-Speed Serial Interface
HSTP : High Speed Transfer Protocol
HTML : HyperText Markup Language
HTTP : Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HW : Hardware
Hz : Hertz
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IAA : Initial Address Acknowledgment
IAB : Internet Architecture Board
IAM : Initial Address Message
IANA : Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IAR : Initial Address Reject
IBSP : Internet Business Solutions Provider
IC : Initial Cell Rate
IC : Intergrated Circuit
ICCB : Internet Control and Configuration Board
ICD : International Code Designator
ICMP : Internet Control Message Protocol
ICW : Interactive Courseware
IDB : Interactive Digital Broadcast
IDC : Internet Data Center
IDE : Intergrated Device Electronics
IDE : Intelligent Drive Electronics
IDL : interface Definition Language
IDSL : ISDN Digital Subscriber Line
IDU : Interface Data Unit
IE : Information Element
IEC : International Electrotechnical Committee
IEEE : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEN : Internet Engineering Notes
IESG : Internet Engineeting Steering Group
IETF : Internet Engineering Task Force
IF : Intermediate Frequency
IFF : Interfrequency Filter
IFFF : Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
IGMP : Internet Group Multicast Protocol
IGP : Interior Gateway Protocol
IIR : Infinite Impulse Response(filter)
IISP : Information Infrastructure
ILEC : Independent Local Exchange Carrier
ILMI : Interim Link Management Interface
ILMI : Interim Local Management Interface
IM : Intermodulation
IMD :Intermodulation Distortion
IME : Interface Management Entity
IMR : Intermodulation Distortion Ratio
IMT2000: International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
IMTC : International Multimedia Teleconferencing Cosortium
IN : Intelligent Network
INOC : Internet Network Operations Center
I/O : Input/Output
ION : Internetworking Over NBMA(Non-Broadcast Multi-Access)
IP : Intelligent Peripheral
IP : Internet Protocol
IP : Information Provider
IP : Intercept Point
IPCF : International Powerline Communications Forum
IPF : International Powerline Forum
IPng : Internet Protocol Next Generation
IPOA : Ip over ATM
IPv4 : Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6 : Internet Protocol version 6
I-PNNI : Integrated Private Network Network Interface
IPX : Internet Packet eXchange
IRC : Internet Relay Chat
IRTF : Internet Research Task Force
ISDB : Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting
ISDN : Integrated Services Data Network
IS-IS : Intermediate System to Intermediate System
ISM : Industrial scientific Medical(frequency band)
ISN : Information Systems Network
ISO : International Standard Organization
ISOC : Internet Society
ISP : Internet Service Provider
ISSLL : Integrated Services over Specific Link Layers
ISUP : ISDN User PART
IT : Information Technology
ITI : Internet Telephony Integration
ITS : Intelligent Traffic System
ITU-T : International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications sector
IWF : Interworking Function
IWU : Interworking Unit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

J
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JDC : Japanese Digital Carrier
JIS : Japan Industrial Standard
JISC : Japan Industrial Standards Association
JPEG : Joint Photographic Expert Group
JSA : Japan Standards Association
JTAPI : Java Telephony Application Programmable Interface
JTC-1 : Joint Technical Committee-1
JUG : Joint Users Group
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

K
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
K : Kilo
KA : KiloAmpere
KBS : Korea Bureau of Standards
KBPS : KiloBits Per Second
KEV : Kilo Electron Volts
KII : Korea Information Infrastructure
KMS : Knowledge Management System
KOD : Karaoke on Demand
KORNET : KORea backbone NETwork for Internet Connectivity
KREONet : Korea Research Environment Open Network
KREN : Korea Education Network
KT : Korea Telecom
KTS : Key Telephone System
KVA : Kilo Volt Amperes
KWH : Kilo Watt Hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

L
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L2TP : Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
LAN : Local Area Network
LANE : LAN Emulation
LAPB : Link Access Procedure Balanced
LAPD : Link Access Procedure on D channel
LAT : Local-Area Transport
LATA : Local Access and Transport Area
LB : Leaky Bucket
LCD : Liquid Crystal Display
LCM : Long Code Mask
LD : LAN Destination
LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LD-CELP : Low Delay Code Exited Linear Prediction
LDP : Label Distribution Protocol
LE : LAN Emulation
LE-ARP : LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol
LEC : Local Exchange Carrier
LEC : LAN Emulation Client
LECID : LAN Emulation Client Identifier
LECS : LAN Emulation Configuration Server
LED : Light Emitting Diode
LEO : Low Earth Orbit
LES : LAN Emulation Server
LF : Loop Filter
LF : Low Frequency
LFSR : Linear Feedback Shift Register
LIFO : Last In First Out
LIJP : Leaf Initiated Joint Parameters
LIS : Logical IP Subnetwork
LIV : Link Integrity Verification
LLATMI : Lower Layer ATM Interface
LLC : Logical Link Control
LLC/SNAP : Logical Link Control/Subnetwork Access Protocol
LMCS : Local Multipoint Communication Service
LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution Service
LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution System
LMI : Layer Management Interface
LMP : Link Management Protocol
LNA : Local Numbering Area
LOC : Loss of Cell delineation
LOF : Loss of Frame
LOS : Line Of Sight
LOS : Loss of Signal
LP : Low Pass
LPC : Linear Predictive Coding
LPC : Line Per Channel
LPF : Low Pass Filter
LPLL : Linear PLL
LSA : Link State Advertisement
LSB : Least Significant Bit
LSD : Least Significant Digit
LSI : Large-Scale Integrated Circuit
LSP : Label Switched Path
LSP : Line Spectral Pair
LSR : Label Switching Router
LSR : Leaf Setup Request
LT : Lower Tester
LTE : Line Terminating Equipment
LTH : Length Field
LTV : Life Time Value
LW : Long Wave
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

M
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M2M : Marketplace to Marketplace
MA : Maintenance and Adaptation
MAC : Medium Access Control
MAC : Mobile Attenuation Code
MAHO : Mobile Assisted Handoff
MAN : Metropolitan Area Network
MANET : Mobile Ad-hoc Network
MARS : Multicast Address Resolution Server
MB : MegaBytes
MBONE : Multicast backBONE
MBPS : Million Bytes Per Second
MBS : Maximum Burst Size
MBS : Mobile Broadband Service
MC : Motion Compensation
MCA : Multi Channel Access
MCIS : Microsoft Commertial Internet System
MCNS : Multimedia Cable Network System
MCR : Minimum Cell Rate
MCS : Multicast Server
MCTD : Mean Cell Transfer Delay
MCU : Master Control Unit
MDSB : Mobile Data Base Station
MDSL : Multi-rate Digital Subscriber Line
ME : Mapping Entity
MESFET : Metal Schottky FET
MFSK : Multi Frequency Shift Keying
MGCP : Media Gateway Control Protocol
MHEG : Multimedia/Hypermedia information coding Expert Group
MHP : Multimedia Home Platform
MHS : Message Handling System
MIB : Management Information Base
MID : Message Identifier
MIDI : Multiple Instrument Digital Interface
MIDI : Music Instrument Digital Interface
MILNET : MILitary NETwork
MIME : Muti-purpose Internet Mail Extensions
MIN : Mobile Identification Number
MIN : Multistage Interconnection Networks
MIPS : Millions of Instruments Per Second
MISP : Mobile Internet Service Provider
MIR : Maximum Information rate
MLPPP : MultiLink Point-to-Point Protocol
MMDS : Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service
MMDS : Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System
MMF : Multimode Fiber
MMIC : Monolithic Microwave IC
MMU : Memory Management Unit
MMX : Multi-Media Extension
MOD : Movies on Demand
MOD : Music on Demand
MODEM : MOdulator and DEModulator
MOM : Message Oriented Middleware
MOS : Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET
MOSFET : Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET
MOSPF : Multicast extensions to OSPF
MPC : Multimedia Personal Computer
MPC : MPOA Client
MPEG : Moving Picture Experts Group
MPEG-TS : MPEG-Transport Stream
MPLS : Multi-Protocol Label Switching
MPOA : MultiProtocol Over ATM
MPS : MPOA Server
MPU : Maximum Transmission Unit
MPU : Micro Processing Unit
MPU : Main Processing Unit
MRCS : Multi-rate Circuit Switching
MRO : Maintenance Repair and Operating
MRP : Material Resource Planning
MS : Meta signaling
MS : Mobile Sation
MSA : Metropolitan Service Area
MSAP : Management Service Access Point
MSB : Most Significant Bit
MSC : Mobile Switching Center
MSD : Most Significant Digit
MS-DOS : MicroSoft Disk Operating System
MSIN : Mobile Station Identification Number
MSK : Minimum Shift Keying
MSN : Monitoring cell Sequence Number
MSO : Multiple System Operator
MSS : Maximum Segment Size
MSVC : Meta-signaling Virtual Channel
MT : Machine Translation
MT : Message Type
MTP : Message Transfer Part
MTP : Multicast Transport Protocol
MTS : Message Telecommunications Service
MTSO : Mobile Telephone Switching Office
MTU : Maximum Transmission Unit
MTU : Message Transfer Unit
MUSICAM : Masking Pattern Adapted Universal Sub-band Integrated Coding and Multiplexing
MVDS : Microwave Video Distribution System
MWIF : Mobile Wireless Internet Forum
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

N
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA : Network Aspects
NAK : Negative Acknowledgement
NAM : Number Assignment Module
NAMPS : Narrow Band AMPS
NANOG : North American Network Operators Group
NAP : Network Access Provider
NAPLPS : North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax
NAS : Network Application Support
NAS : Network Access Server
NAS : Network Attached Storage
NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NAT : Network Address Translation
NBMA : Non-Broadcast Multiple Access
NBS : National Bureau of Standards
NC : Network Computer
NCDMA : Narrow Band CDMA
NCS : Network Computing System
NDIS : Network Driver Interface Specification
NE : Network Element
NetBIOS : Network Basic Input/Output System
NETBLT : NETwork Block Transfer
NFS : Network File System
NGI : Next Generation Internet
NHC : Next Hop Client
NHOP : Next Hop
NHRP : Next Hop Resolution Protocol
NHS : Next Hop Server
NI : Network Interconnect
NIC : Network Interface Card
NIC : Network Information Center
NID : Network Identification
NII : National Information Infrastructure
NiPC : Network Integrated PC
NIIT : National Information Infrastructure Testbed
N-ISDN : Narrowband ISDN
NIST : National Institute of Standards and Technology
NIU : Network Interface Unit
NLSP : NetWare Link State Protocol
NMS : Network Management System
NMT : Nordic Mobile Telecommunication System
NNI : Nederlands Normalisatie-Institute
NNI : Network to Network Interface
NNI : Network Node Interface
NNTP : Network News Transfer Protocol
NOC : Network Operations Center
NOI : Notice of Inquiry
NOS : Network Operating System
NP : Network Performance
NPC : Network Parameter Control
NPR : Noise Power Ratio
NREN : National Research and Educational Network
NRM : Network Resource Management
NRT-VBR : Non-Real_Time Variable Bit Rate
NRZ : Non Return to Zero
NRZI : Non Return to Zero Invert
NSAP : Network Service Access Point
NSF : National Science Foundation
NSFNET : National Science Foundation NETwork
NSP : Network Service Provider
NSR : Non-Source Routed
NSTC : National Science and Technology Council
NT : Network Terminator
NTB : Network Time Protocol
NTM : Network Traffic Management
NTT : Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
NTSC : National Television System Committee
NVOD : Near Video On Demand
NWN : National Wireless Network
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OA : Office Automation
OA&M : Operation, Administration and Maintenance
OASIS : Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards
OCC : Optical Channel Controller
OC-n : Optical Carrier-level n
OCR : Optical Character Recognition
ODA : Open Document Architecture
ODBC : Open DataBase Connectivity
ODI : Open Data-link Interface
ODIF : Open Document Interchange Format
ODP : Open Distributed Processing
ODSI : Optical Domain Service Interconnect
OGIS : Open Geodata Interoperability Specification
OIF : Optical Interworking Forum
OLE : Object Linking and Embedding
OLI : Originating Line Information
OLTP : Online Transaction Processing
OMG : Object Management Group
ONA : Open Network Architecture
ONC : Optical Network Controller
ONU : Optical Network Unit
OOD : Object-Oriented Design
OODB : Object Oriented Data Base
OOF : Out of Frame
OOP : Object-Oriented Programming
OPCR : Originating Program Clock Reference
OQPSK : Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
OS : Operating System
OSF : Open Software Foundation
OSI : Open Systems Interconnection
OSID : Origination Signaling identifier
OSP : Operator Service Provider
OSPF : Open Shortest Path First
OSS : Operator Service Switch
OTN : Optical Transport Network
OTP : Open Trading Protocol
OUI : Organization Unique Idenfifier
OUI : Organizational Unit Idenfifier
OXC : Optical Cross Connect
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P2P : Peer to Peer
P3P : Platform for Privacy Preferences
PAD : Packet Assembler/Disassembler
PAL : Phase Alternation Line
PAM : Pulse Amplitute Modulation
PBX : Private Branch eXchange
PC : Personal Computer
PC : Priority Control
PC : Protocol Control
PCB : Printed Circuit Board
PCI : Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCI : Peripheral Component Interface
PCM : Pulse Code Modulation
PCMCIA : PC Memory Card International Association
PCN : Personal Communications Network
PCO : Point of Control and Observation
PCR : Peak Cell Rate
PCR : Program Clock Reference
PCS : Personal Communication Services
PCS : Personal Communication System
PCVC : Point to Point Switched Virtual Connections
PD : Packetization Delay
PD : Phase Detector
PDA : Personal Digital Assistant
PDH : Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDM : Pulse Duration Modulation
PDMS : Product Data Management System(제품 정보 시스템)
PDN : Public Data Network
PDU : packet Data Unit
PDU : Protocol Data Unit
PEM : Privacy Enchanced Mail
PERT : Program Evaluation and Review Technique
PF : Power Factor
PG : Power Gain
PGA : Power Grid Array
PHP : Personal Handy Phone(Japan)
PHS : Personal Hand phone System(Japan)
PHY : Physical Layer of the OSI model
PHY : Physical Layer
PIA : Peripheral Interface Adapter
PICS : Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
PID : Protocol Identifier Governing Connection Types
PIM : Personal Information Manager
PIM : Protocol Independent Muticast
PIN : Positive Intrinsic Negative(diode)
PING : Packet InterNet Groper
PIXIT : Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing
PL : Physical Layer
PL : Power Level
PLA : Programmable Logic Array
PLC : Power Line Communications
PLC : Programmable Logic Controller
PLCP : Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
PLD : Programmable Logic Device
PLL : Phase Locked Loop
PLM : Product Lifecycle Management
PLMN : Public Land Mobile Network
PLOA : Protocol Layers over ATM
PLPC : Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
PLT : Power Line Telecommunications
PM : Phase Modulation
PM : Physical Medium
PM : Pulse Modulation
PMD : Physical Layer Dependent sub-layer
PNA : Phoneline Network Alliance
PNG : Portable Network Graphics
PNNI : Private Network Node Interface
PNO : Public Network Operator
PNP : Positive Negative Positive
POD : Point Of Deployment
POH : Path Overhead
POI : Path Overhead Indicator
PON : Passive Optical Network
POP : Point of Presence
POP : Post Office Protocol
POS : Point of Sale
POTS : Plain Old Telephone Service
PPD : Partial Packet Discard
PPM : Pulse Per Million
PPP : Point-to-Point Protocol
PPS : Pulse Per Second
PRI : Primary Rate Interface
PRM : Partner Relation Management
PRN : Pseudo Random Noise
PROM : Programmable Read Only Memory
PSA : Professional Service Automation
PSD : Power Spectral Density
PSDN : Packet Switched Data Network
PSG : Programmable Sound Generator
PSK : Phase Shift Keying
PSS : Performance Support System
PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network
PT : Payroad Type
PT : Pocket Telephone
PTF : Powerline Telecommunications Forum
PTI : Payload Type Identifier
PTN : Personal Telephone Number
PUP : Parc Universal Packet
PUREG : Power Up Registration
PVC : Permanent Virtual Channel
PVC : Permanent Virtual Circuit
PVCC : Permanent Virtual Channel Connection
PVP : Permanent Virtual Path
PVPC : Permanent Virtual Path Connection
PWM : Pulse Width Modulation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
QA : Quality Assurance
QAM : Quadrature Amplitute Modulation
QC : Quality Control
QD : Queuing Delay
QFC : Quantum Flow Control
QoS : Quality of Service
QPSK : Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
QPSX : Queue Packet and Synchronous Circuit Exchange
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

R
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R&D : Research and Development
RA : Radiocommunication Assembly
RACE : Research and development in Advanced Communications technologies for Europe
R-ADSL : Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line
RAI : Remote Alarm Indication
RAID : Redundant Array of Independent Disk
RAM : Random Access Memory
RAMP : Reliable Adaptive Milticast Protocol
RARP : Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
RASP : Remote Antenna Signal Processor
RBB : Residential Broadband
RBOC : Regional Bell Operating Company
RC : Radio Control
RC : Routing Control
RCC : Radio Common Carrier
RCU : Remote Cell Unit
RD : Route Descriptor
RDF : Remote Decrease Factor
RDI : Remote Defect Idenfication
RDI : Remote Defect Indication
RDP : Reliable Datagram Protocol
RDS : Radio Data System
RECC : Reverse Analog Control Channel
RED : Random Early Detection
REL : Release Message
RELP : Residual-Excited Linear Predictive Coding
RF : Radio Frequency
RFC : Request For Comments
RFI : Radio Frequency Interference
RFIC : Radio Frequency IC
RGB : Red-Green-Blue
RI : Routing Information
RII : Routing Information Indicator
RIP : Routing Information Protocol
RITL : Radio-in-the-Loop
RISC : Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RJE : Remote Job Entry
RLC : Release Computer
RM : Resource Management
RMFP : Reliable Multicast Framing Protocol
RMP : Reliable Multicast Framework
RMS : Root Mean Square
ROADS : Running Out of ADress Space
ROM : Read Only Memory
ROLC : Routing Over Large Clouds
RPC : Remote Procedure Call
RPE-LTP : Regular Pulse Excitation-Long Term Prediction
RPM : Revolutions Per Minute
RSA : Rural Service Area
RSSI : Radio Signal Strength Indicator
RSVP : ReSource reserVation Protocol
RT : Real Time
RT : Remote Terminal
RTCP : RTP Control Protocol
RTD : Research & Technology Development
RTI : Real Time Interrupt
RTL : Resistor Transistor Logic
RTO : Round Trip time-Out
RTOS : Real Time Operating System
RTP : Realtime Transport Protocol
RTS : Request To Send
RTS : Residual Time Stamp
RTSP : Real Time Streaming Protocol
RTT : Round Trip Time
RT-VBR : Real-Time Variable Bit Rate
RU : Replication Unit
RVC : Reverse Analog Voice Channel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SA : Source MAC address
SAAL : Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer
SACK : Selective ACKnowledgement
SAN : Storage Area Network
SAP : Service Access Point
SAP : Session Announcement Protocol
SAR : Segmentation and Reassembly Sublayer
SAW : Surface Acoustic Wave
SAT : Supervisory Audio Tone
SB-ADPCM : Sub Band-Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
SBC : Single Board Computer
SCCP : Signaling Connection Control Part
SCI : Science Citation Index
SCI : Serial Communication Interface
SCM : Station Class Mrk
SCP : Service Control Point
SCR : Sustainable Cell Rate
SCSI : Small Computer System Interface
SCSP : Server Cache Synchronization Protocol
SDCC : Supplementary Digital Color Code
SDH : Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDLC : Synchronous Data Link Control
SDML : Signed Document Markup Language
SDP : Session Description Protocol
SDU : Service Data Unit
SDR : Session DiRectory
SE : switching Element
SE : System Engineer
SEAL : Simple and Efficient Adaptation Layer
SECAM : Sequential Couleur a Memoire
SET : Secure Electronic Transaction
SF : Switching Fabric
SFS : System-level File Server
SG : Signal Ground
SGCP : Simple Gateway Control Protocol
SGM : Segmentation Message
SGML : Standard Generalized Markup Language
SGMP : Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol
SGW : Service Gateway
SI : Service information
SI : System Integration
SID : Signaling Identifier
SID : System Identification
SIM : Subscriber Interface Module
SIMM : Single Inline Memory Module
SIO : Serial Input and Output
SIP : Session Initiation Protocol
SIP : Simple IP
SIPP : Simple Internet Protocol Plus
SIPP : SMDS Interface Protocol
SIR : Sustained Information Rate
SLA : Service Level Agreement
SLIP : Serial Line Internet Protocol
SMC : Sleep Mode Connection
SMDS : Switched Multi-megabit Data Services
SMF : Single Mode Fiber
SMIL : Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
SMS : Short Message Service
SMS : Service Management System
SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNA : Storage Area Network
SN : Sequence Number
SN : Service Node
S/N : Signal to Noise
SNA : System Network Architecture
SNAP : Sub Network Access Protocol
SNMP : simple Network Management Protocol
SNP : Sequence Number Protection
SNR : Signal to Noise Ratio
SO : Serail Output
SOA : Start Of Authority
SOH : Section Overhead
SOHO : Small Office Home Office
SONAR : SOund NAvigation and Ranging
SONET : Synchronous Optical NETwork
SP : Stack Pointer
SP : Signal Processor
SP : Switching Point
SPCS : Stored Program Controlled Switch
SPE : Synchronous Payload Envelope
SPF : Shortest Path First
SPI : Serial to Parallel Interface
SPID : Service Protocol Identifier
SPL : Sound Pressure Level
SPLL : Software PLL
SPS : Service Provider System
SPTS : Single Program Transport Stream
SQL : Structured Query Language
SR : Shift Register
SR : Source Routing
SRAM : Static Random Access Memory
SRC : Strategic Review Committee
SRF : Specifically Routed Frame
SRM : Scalable Reliable Multicast
SRT : Specifically Routing Transparent
SRTS : Synchronous Residual Time Stamp
SS : Spread Spectrum
SSB : Single Sideband
SSCF : Service Specific Coordination Protocol
SSCOP : Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol
SSCS : Service Specific Convergence Sublayer
SSD : Share Secret Data
SSL : Secure Socket Layer
SSP : Service Switching Point
SST : Secure Transaction Technology
ST : Segment Type
ST : Signaling Tone
ST-II : Stream Transport protocol-II
STB : Set Top Box
STE : Section Terminating Equipment
STE : Spanning Tree Explorer
STM : Synchronous Transfer Mode
STP : Signaling Transfer Point
STP : Shielded Twisted Pair
STS : Synchronous Time Stamp
STS-n : Synchronous Transport Signal-n
STU : Set Top Unit
SUT : System Under Test
SVB : switched Video Broadcasting
SVC : Switched Virtual Channel
SVC : Switched Virtual Connection (ATM)
SVCI : Switched Virtual Circuit Identifier
S-VGA : Super Video Graphics Array
SVP : Switched Virtual Path
SW : Short Wave
SWG : Sub-Working Group
SWR : Standing Wave Ratio
SWS : Silly Window Syndrome
SYN : SYNchronizing segment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TA : Terminal Adapter
TACS : Total Access Communication System
TAPI : Telephony Application Programmable Interface
TASI : Time Assignment Speech Interpolation
TB : Tranparent Bridging
TC : Transaction Capabilities
TC : Tranmission Convergence
TCAP : Transaction Capabilities Application Part
TCI : Test Cell Input
TCO : Test Cell Output
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TCS : Transmission Convergence Sublayer
TCXO : Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator
TD : Tunnel Diode
TDD : Time Division Duplex
TDJ : Transfer Delay Jitter
TDM : Time Division Multiplexing
TDMA : Time Division Multiple Access
TDX : Time Division Switching system
TE : Terminal Equipment
TEI : Terminal Endpoint Identifier
TFTP : Trivial File Transfer Protocol
THD : Total Harmonic Distortion
TIA : Telecommunication Industry Association
TIPS : Tera Instruction Per Second
TLI : Transport Layer Interface
TLV : Type/Length/Value
TM : Traffic Management
TMN : Telecommunications Management Network
TMP : Test Management Protocol
TMSWG : Traffic Management Sub-Working Group
TMTP : Tree-based Multicast Transport Protocol
TNS : Transit Network Selection
TO : Telecommunications Operator
TOLR : Transmit Objective Loudness Rating
TOPS : Traffic Operator Position System
TOS : Type Of Service
TPCC : Third Party Call Control
TPEG : Transport Protocol Experts Group
TPON : Telephony over Passive Optical Network
TR : Transmitter
TRPB : Truncated Reverse Path Broadcast
TRS : Telecommunications Relay Services
TRS : Trunked Radio Service
TS : Time Sharing
TS : Time Stamp
TS : Transport Stream
TS : Time Slot
TSAP : Transport Service Access Point
TSPS : Traffic Service Position System
TTA : Telecommunications Technology Committee
TTL : Time To Live
TTL : Transistor Transistor Logic
TTS : Text-to-Speech conversion
TV : TeleVision
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UA : User Agent
UART : Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter
UBR : Unspecified Bit Rate
UCT : Universal Coordinated Time
UDP : User Datagram Protocol
UDSL : Unidirectional HDSL(High data rate Digital Subscriber Line)
UE : User Element
UHF : Ultra High Frequency
UHV : Ultra High Vacuum
UI : User Interface
UIFN : Universal International Freephone Number
uKorea : Ubiquitous Korea
ULP : Upper Layer Protocol
UMA : Universal Multimedia Access
UMS : Unified Messaging System
UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service
UNI : User Network Interface
UP : User Plane
UPC : Usage Parameter Control
UPS : Uninterruptible Power Supply
UPT : Universal Personal Telecommunications
URL : Uniform Resource Locator
URSI : Union Radio Scientifique International
UT : Upper Tester
UTC : Universal Time Code
UTOPIA : Universal Test & Operations PHY Interface for ATM
UTP : Unshielded Twisted Pair
UUCP : Unix to Unix Copy Program
UUCP : Unix-to-Unix Communication Protocol
UV : UltraViolet
UVA : UltraViolet Alpha
UVB : UltraViolet Beta
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V
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VA : Volt Ampere
VAN : Value Added Network
VASP : Value Added Service Provider
VAT : Visual Audio Teleconferencing
vBNS : very high performance Backbone Network Service
VC : Virtual Connection (ATM)
VCH : Virtual Channel Handler
VCC : Virtual Channel Connection
VCI : Virtual Channel Identifier
VCI : Virtual Circuit Identifier
VCI : Virtual Connection Identifier
VCO : Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
VCR : Video Cassette Recorder
VCVS : Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source(filter)
VDT : Video Display Terminal
VDSL : Very high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line
VESA : Video Electronics Standards Association
VFW : Video Graphics Windows
VGA : Video Graphics Array
VHDL : Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Descriptive Language
VHF : Very High Frequency
VHS : Video Home System
VIC : Video Conference
VIP : Video Information Provider
VLAN : Virtual Local Area Network
VLB : VESA Local Bus
VLF : Very Low Frequency
VLR : Visitor Location Register
VLSI : Very Large Scale Integration
VML : Vector Markup Language
VMTP : Versatile Message Tranfer Protocol
VOD : Video On Demand
VP : Virtual Path
VPI : Virtual Path Identifier
VPIM : Voice Profile for Internet Messaging
VPH : Virtual Path Handler
VPN : Virtual Private Network
VP/VC : Virtual Path, Virtual Circuit
VPC : Virtual Path Connection
VPCI/VCI : Virtual Path Connection Identifier/Virtual Channel Identifier
VPI : Virtual Path Identifier
VQ : Vector Quantization
VR : Virtual Reality
VRAM : Video Random Access Memory
VRML : Virtual Reality Modeling Language
VRTP : Virtual Reality Transfer Protocol
VS : Virtual Scheduling
VSAT : Very Small Aperture satellite Terminals
VSAT : Very Small Aperture Terminal
VSELP : Vector Sum Excited Linear Predictive Coding(IS-54 speech encoding)
VSWR : Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
VT : Vertual Terminal
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W
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W3C : World Wide Web Consortium
WAIS : Wide Area Information Server
WAN : Wide Area Network
WAP : Wireless Application Protocol
WARC : World Administrative Radio Conference
WAS : Web Application Server
WATS : Wide Area Telecommunications Service
WBI : Web Based Instruction
WCPE : Wireless Customer Premises Equipment
WD : Working draft
WDM : Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WG : Working Group
WFQ : Weighted Fair Queuing
WLAN : Wireless LAN
WLL : Wireless Local Loop
WML : Wireless Markup Language
WORM : Write Once Read Many
WP : World Processor
WS : Workstation
WSCI : Web Service Choreography Interface
WSCL : Web Service Conversation Language
WSFL : Web Service Flow Language
WTO : World Trade Organization
WWW(W3) : World Wide Web
WYSIWYG : What You See Is What You Get
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X
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XDR : eXternal Data Representation
XML : eXtensible Markup Language
XMTR : Transmitter
XNS : Xerox Network System
X/OPEN : UNIX-Open Systems
XOR : Exclusive-OR gate
XTALK : Crosstalk
XSL : eXtensible Stylesheet Language
XTP : eXpress Transfer Protocol
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Y
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Y2k : Year 2000
YAG : Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
YIG : Yttrium Iron Garnet
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Z
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ZD : Zero Defects
ZIP : Zigzag Inline Package
ZM : Zone Marker
Z-series : ITU-T Recommendation Z series
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최초에 정보적인 필요성에 의해 의해서 구체화되었을 때(생성)부터 그것이 더 이상 필요하지 않아
폐기될 때까지의 데이터의 수명주기(life cycle) 동안,  데이터 기준의 이행상황을 모니터하고
보안을 통해서 데이터의 안전과 데이터의 품질을 보호하는 일련의 활동을 말한다.

또한 이런 활동에 대한 표준 절차를 규정화하여 운영하고 있다.